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In this episode of the ����ֱ�� Podcast, Dr. Joshua Liu, CEO at ����ֱ�� & Marketing colleague, Alan Sardana, review a recent publication from JAMA, ""*. See the full show notes below for details.

*Agarwal AK, Lee D, Ali Z, et al. Patient-Reported Opioid Consumption and Pain Intensity After Common Orthopedic and Urologic Surgical Procedures With Use of an Automated Text Messaging System. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(3):e213243. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3243.

Guest(s): Dr. Joshua Liu (), Co-founder & CEO at ����ֱ��

Episode 38 – Show notes:

[0:41] Introducing the JAMA article in review: “Patient-Reported Opioid Consumption and Pain Intensity After Common Orthopedic and Urologic Surgical Procedures With Use of an Automated Text Messaging System” by Anish K. Agarwal, MD, MPH, MS, assistant professor of Emergency Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Daniel Lee, MD, MS, Assistant Professor of Urology at the University of Pennsylvania, and Zarina Ali, MD, MS, Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery at the University of Pennsylvania;

[2:20] Why we chose toreview this particular article as it leverages digital technology (automated text-messaging)to collect patient-reported data and why the paper is important for curbing theopioid crisis;

[05:26] Discussing the study design; how the study authors maintained their standard of care (with respect to opioid stewardship) and implemented an automated text messaging system to survey patients on post-op day 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 on three metrics: Pain (0-10), Ability to manage pain (0-10), and number of opioid tablets consumed (for prescription comparison);

[07:08] How the study’sopt-in nature inferred a selection bias (discussed in the “limitations” sectionof the paper);

[08:49] Discussing the primary and secondary outcomes of the study –

Primary: Difference between number of opioids prescribed and patient-reported consumption;

Secondary: Self-reported pain scores and ability to manage pain;

[09:15] How the automated text message surveys would stop if a patient-reported consuming 0 pills;

[10:22] Discussing the characteristics of consenting vs declining patients, the self-reported pain scores, and the self-reported ability to manage pain;

Characteristics of Patients Consenting or Declining to Text Message Data Collection:

How the average pain scores for orthopedic surgery patients was 4.72 on post-op day 4, with a reduction of -0.4 by post-op day 21;

How the average pain scores for urology patients was 3.48 on post-op day 4, with a reduction of -1.5 by post-op day 21;

[13:05] Discussing the difference in opioid tablets prescribed vs patient-reported consumption;

For orthopedic surgery, the median number of opioid tablets prescribed was 20 and the median consumed was 6 (30%);

For urology, the median number of opioid tablets prescribed was 7, and the median consumed was 1;

Discussing how 9,452 out of the 15,581 (61%) total tablets prescribed went unused (combined orthopedic and urologic surgical procedures) as per patient-report data;

[19:11] Why limitations suchas sample size, reliability of self-reported data, and the Hawthorne effect arediscussed in the “limitations” section of the paper as they are importantfactors to consider, yet how there remains a large discrepancy between opioidprescription and self-reported consumption;

[24:31] Why acting on the data is the most important step in curbing the opioid crisis and how following Pareto’s principle and/or a graduating reduction of prescription practice may be a step in the right direction while maintaining patient safety and ethics;

[37:07] How the University of Michigan has done tremendous work reducing opioid prescriptions by setting accurate patient expectations of pain – weighing Quality of Life on a long-term scale, with heavy consideration for the potential of negative effects from opioids;